Ventilating apparatus



Aug. 30,1927. 1,640,986

M. GARLAND VENTILATING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 8, 1923 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR /%92/? 6291/94 12 ATTORNEY 1,640,986 1927' M. GARLAND VENTILATING APPARATUS Filed Oct. a. 1925 s Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR h AT-FORNEY Aug. 30, 1927. 1,640,986 M. GARLAND VENTILATI NG APPARATUS Filed Oct. 1925 3 Sheets$heet 3 INVENTOR /%;7'/ fail/M 0 BY Wu ATTUORNEY PatentedAugQ 1927.

:uA'rrnaa GARLAND, or CHICAGO, rumors, Assrenon 'ro GARLAND vmr'r'xmfron.

COMPANY, 01 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A COBPORATIQNOF VENTILATING ArrAnA'rus.

Application fll'ed October 8.192s. Serial no. 667.0120.

stantly maintain an adequate volume of fresh air within said body, the fresh air being induced to enter the body by reason of the said exhaust. g

A. further object of the invention is to provide ventilating means which while en tirely efiective, donot Jnar or require any change inthe ap roved lines or appearance of closed automo ile bodies, the apparatus 2 of my invention not necessitating'the use of any parts projecting from either the top or sides of the closed body.

In carrying out my invention I conceal the ventilating means within the roof of the vehicle, between the upper and lower layers of the material thereof, so as not to mar or detract from the usual appearance of the body, and within the ceiling of the closed body I apply a suitable grid which is in communication with one portion of my apparatus and through which the vitiated air is exhausted and discharged. I utilize the speed or movement of the vehicle for exhausting the vitiated air from the closed body and inducing a flow of fresh air into said body, and to this end, in the preferred form of my invention, I provide or construct within the roof of the body two airvconduits-which are open at their forward or intake ends at the front edge of said roof and thence extend rearwardly and laterally and are open at their other or discharge ends at the side edges of said roof, and a trans.- versely extending air-conduit which is in communication with the interior ;of the closed body through said grid and opens at its ends through the side edges of the roof adjacent to the said discharge ends of the two first mentioned conduits, so that the strong aircurrents leaving said discharge ends may compel an outward flowof air from the body through the ends of said transverse conduit. The air-conduits. which 0 en at the front edge ofthe roof prefera 1y have rather large intake openings and thence are reduced in cross-sectional area toward theirdischar e ends so as to effect" a stron blast-like ex1t of the air at said ends,

and t e transverse air-conduit is preferably subdivided by a partition at the 'd as a safeguard against the ossible e ects of a strong wind blowing irectlyagainst the side of the vehicle body.

The 'nvention embodies, also, certain details of form and construction tending to increase its efiiciency, and is also capable of modification as to its form and details, and the invention will be fully understood from the detailed description hereinafter presented, .reference being had to the accompanymg drawings, in whlch;

' Fig. l'is a perspective view of a portion of an automobile whose closed body embodies in its roof construction one desirable form of my mventlon;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly in secf tion and partlybroken away, of the same, the sectlon being on the dotted line 2 -2 of Fig. 3;-

ig. 3 is a top lan view, partly in horizontal. section an partly broken away, of the same;

Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section through" the same taken on the dotted line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

i Fig. 5 isa horizontal section through a modified construction of ventilating apparatus embodying my invention, and modification becoming apparent by acomparison of Figs. 3 and 5; Fig. 6 is-a like but it is to be understood that the invention is'applicable for and extends. to the top or roof construction of all closed automobile bodies whether of sedan, limousine, brough am or other type.

-In the drawings 15.

mo or top thereof. My invention is embodied in the top 16 and its purpose is view of a further modified form of my invention, and

designates the closed bod portion of an automobile, and 16 the body 15 by a constant exhaust of the vitiated air therefrom while the automobile is in mo tion, the exhaust of thevitiated air operating to induce a flow of fresh air intothe body, whereby an adequate volume of fresh air is maintained within said body.

The ventilating apparatus of my invention, in a. preferred form thereof, is shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and "4, wherein 17, 18 designate two intake air-conduits and 19 indicates a transversely extending eduction air-conduit-whlch is in communication wlth the 1nterior of the body 15 through a suitable grid- 20 secured in the ceiling 21 of said body. The conduits 17 18, 19 are preferably of limited depth or shallow so as to be concealed within the roof or top 16 without modifying the external appearance of the same, and said conduits are of considerable cross-sectional area so as to permit ,air in adequate volume for the purposes of the invention to flow through them. The conduit 19 is preferably subdivided by a longitudinal partition 22, centrally above the grid 20, into two sections or conduits 23, 24, whose outer ends '25, 26 are open at the side edges of the top or roof 16. In the absence of the partition 22 the conduit 19 will be continuous and its ends will be the open ends 25, 26. I prefer to make use ofthe partition 22 to aid in equalizing the exhaust of the air from the body 15 and more particularly to guard against the possible effects, when a continuous passage through the conduit 19 is present, of a. very' strong Wind blowing directly against the side of the vehicle and possibly entering one end of the.

conduit. The partition 22 breaks the passage through the conduit 19 and hence will prevent a strong wind from passing therethrough. The: invention is not limited to the presence of the partition 22 since said partition willnot usually be necessary and may be dispensed with.

The conduits 17 18 are preferably of cowl-shape, and at their wide forward or intake ends are open through the front edge of the roof or top 16, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and thence said conduits extend longitudinally in a rearward direction and then laterally in opposite directions, and at their discharge ends 27, 28 open through the side edges of the roof or top 16 directly at the front of the discharge openings 25, 26 of the conduit 19 or of its subdivisions 23, 24

i should the partition 22 be made use of. Be-

tween the oppositely curved back members 29, 30 of therespective'conduits 17, 18 is formed a triangular space which I block off by means of the transverse partition 31, so that said space may not impair the operation of the conduit 19, whose forward edge is defined by the said partition 31 and the laterally extending back portions of the conduits 17 18. The conduits 17 18 preferable taper from their intake ends to their dischar e ends so that the air may issue from said discharge ends with considerable force.

. In the preferred construction of the conduits-17, 18, instead of making the back members or walls 29, 30 thereof continuous, I interpose therein one or more deflecting plate sect-ions 32 (Fig. 3) whose inner ends are spaced from the main back walls of the conduits to form eduction channels or ports 33 and lie behind the adjacent surfaces of the backof the conduits, and whose outer ends are spaced from the adjacent walls pf the conduit to form eduction channels or ports 34 and lie forwardly of the adjacent surfaces of the conduits. The deflectors 32 constitute conduits 1 18 and they are provided in -.order to produce theeduotion ports 33, 34 which are in. communication with the exhaust conduit'1'9 and through which portions of the exhaust air are, induced to enter the conduits 17, 18 andbe discharged therefrom with the. air which enters the intake ends of said conduits 17 18. V

In the operation of the apparatus hereinbefore specifically described, air will enter the intake ends of the conduits 17 18 while the automobile travels forwardly and will flow through and be discharged from said conduits with considerable force, this force serving to create an exhaust from the ends of the eduction conduit 19 quite sufficient to effect a constant suction of the air from within the vehicle body up through the grid ortions of the back walls of the I or outlet 20 therefor and into the eduction conduit 19 from which said air in'constant flow will be forcibly withdrawn "by the action of the strong air currents leaving the conduits 17,- 18. The speed of forward travel of the automobile determines the strength of the air currents leaving the conduits 17, 18 and the cubic feet of air exhausted from within the vehicle body per minute, and I have found in practical use that with the automobile traveling at moderate lawful speed, the action of the apparatus is such that the air within the closed body 15 is maintained ure and fresh.

The-appartus descri ed is shallow and confined. within the top ofthe closed body 15 and is such that it does not modify the shape or outlines of said top, this being an important advantage of the invention.

The conduits 17, .18, 19 are formed of sheet metal'andthey preferably follow or conform' to the curved upper surface of the roof or top 16, as shown in Fig. 4, and hence any dust or rain entering the intake ends of the conduits 17, 18 will readily be discharged from the apparatus by the air flowing therethrough.

The form of the apparatus. shown in Fig. 5 is substantially the same as that illustrated end of the apparatus, whereasin the con in,-.Fig. a, with "the exception was bier walls of the intake conduits in Fig. 5 "are .continuous instead of having'the interposed deflecting sections 32shown in Fig.3, and

hence the construction andbperation of the at a point'35 which setsback from the front 'struction shown v in ,Fig.- 3 the converging 2c deflector section 32 in the backwa-ll of each intake conduit as shown in Fig. 3, 'I interv H having embodied, in its roof structure and each other on straight lines instead of on the curved lines shown in the foregoing figx fures of the drawings, and the exhaust or point36 of the back walls of the intake conduits'is at the front edge of the apparatus.

In Fig.6 I illustrate a'modified construe-f tion of my apparatus wherein I subdivide (the exhaust oreduction conduit .at thesides of the exhaust-opening 37 by partitions 38 extending lengthwise-0f the conduit, and wherein, also, instead of employing the one pose two of said deflector sections, numbered 39, in the back wall of each intake conduit, thereby to provide an increased number of eduction ports-numbered 40 in Fig. 6, leading from the eduction conduit into the intake conduits. The operation of theform of the apparatus shown in Fig. 6

ing description of the form of the apparatus shown. in Figs. 1 to i inclusive, the differences between the two constructions residingin minor details.

In the modification'shown in Fig. 7, the intake conduits 41 diverge rearwardly from eduction conduit 42-has straight front and rear walls 43, 44.- instead of being partly defined by the back walls of the intake con duits, as in constructions hereinbefore described. The general operation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 7 is the same as that of the apparatus shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, but I regard the form of apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive as being more desirable than that shown in Fig. 7, especially for limousines or automobiles having large bodies.

invention may be embodied in other forms than those I have presented, and hence I do not limit my invention to the details of form and construction shown and described and desire to secure adequate protection for my invention.

I preferably construct the ventilating apparatus as a unitary structure ready to be built into the 'roof of a closed passengerbody 15, said apparatus comprising the top and bottom plates, as shown, between which the side walls of the several conduits are permanently located. i

In the'claims I refer to the intake conduits "as ,inductioii-j cenduits, becausethe strong air: currents passing through" these conduits induce the flowofvitiated airfrom the closed passenger-body 15'- out I through the eduction conduits.

ing apparatus comprising an induction conjiuit which opens in the extreme front ed e ofsaid roof and discharges through the si e edge thereofand an eduction conduit in communication with the interior of said bodya nd having its discharge in the side edge of said roof and exposed to the force of the air fpassenger-body flowing thro'u 11 said induction conduit, whereby an ex aust through said eduction conduit is maintained while the automobile is in forwardtravel.

2; A. .closed automobile passenger-bod substantially concealed 1 therein, a ventilating apparatus comprising an induction conduit which opens in the extreme front edge of said roof and discharges through the side =.edge thereof and an eduction conduit in communication with the interior of said body and having its discharge in the side 'edge of said roof immediately inrea-r of the:

discharge end of said induction conduit, whereby the force of the air flowing through the induction conduit during the forward travel of the automobile sets up and main- "tains an exhaust through said eductioncon- 'air flowing through the induction conduit during the forward travel of the automobile sets up and maintains an exhaustthrough said eduction conduit.

.4. A closed automobile passenger-body having embodied in its roof structure and substantially concealed therein, a ventilating apparatus comprising two induction con-' duits which open in the extreme front edge of. said roof and thence extend rearwardly and laterally to and dischar e through 0pposite side edges of saidroo and eduction conduit means in communication with the interior of said' bodyv and having discharges through opposite side edges of said roof and exposed to the force of the air flowing from said induction conduits, whereby an exhaust through said eduction conduit means is maintained while the automobile is in forward travel.

5. A closed automobile passenger-body having embodied in its roof structure and substantially concealed therein, a vent-flat ing apparatus comprising two induction conduits which open in the extreme front edge of said roof and thence extend rearwardly and laterally to and discharge through opposite side edges of said roofan eduction conduit means in communication with the intee rior of said body through the ceiling thereof and discharging through opposite side edges of the roof immediately in rear of the discharge ends of said induction conduits, whereby the force of the air flowing through the induction conduits during the forward travel of the automobile sets up and maintains an exhaust through said eduction conduit means.

6. A closed automobile passenger-body having embodied in its roof structure and substantially concealed therein, a ventilating apparatus comprising two induction condults which open in the extreme front edge of the roof and thence extend rearwardly and laterally to and discharge through opposite side edges of the roof and a transverse eduction conduit extending across the vehicle in rear of said induction conduits and discharging through the side ed es of the roof immediately in rear of the ischarge ends of said induction conduits, said eduction conduit at about its middle portion being in communication with the interior of said body through the ceiling thereof, for exhausting the air from said body.

7. A closed automobile passenger-body having embodied in its roof structure a ventilating apparatus comprising two induction conduits which open in the extreme front edge of said roof and thence extend rearwardly and laterally to and discharge through opposite side edges of the roof and eduction conduit means in communication with the interior of said body through the ceiling thereof and discharge through opposite side cdges'of the roof immediately in rear of the discharge. ends of said induction conduits, whereby the force of the air flow ing through the induction conduits during the forward travel of the automobile sets and maintains an exhaust through saidtfitfl u edhction conduit means, said ventilatmg apwhich open at thefront of the vehicle andthence extend rearwardly and laterally to and discharge at opposite sides of the vehicle and a. transverse eduction conduit extending across the vehicle in rear of said induction conduits and discharging at the sides of the vehicle immediately in rear of the discharge endsof said induction conduits, said eduction conduit at about its middle portion being in communication with the interior of said body through the ceiling thereof, for exhausting the air from said body, said ceiling having an opening protected by a grid for establishing communication with said eduction conduit and said conduit being subdivided above said grid by a partition.

9. A closed automobile passenger-body embodying in its roof structure a ventilating apparatus comprisin two induction conduits which open at t e front of the vehicle and thence extend rearwardly and laterally to and discharge at opposite-sides of the 'vehicle and a transverse eduction conduit extending across the vehicle in rear of said induction conduits and discharging at the sides of the vehicle immediately in rear of the discharge ends of said induction conduits, said eduction conduit at about its middle portion being in communication with the interior of said body through the ceiling thereof, for exhausting the air from said body, and said eduction conduit also being in communication with the induction conduits through eduction ports formed in the back walls of said induction conduits. v

Signed at Boston in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, this 5th day of October, A. D. 1923.

MATHER GARLAND. 

